8 Types of Cancer Spreading in India: Oncologists Share Tips and Advice

Types of Cancer in India Today

Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in India, especially among women. Dr Sajjan Rajpurohit, a Senior Director of Medical Oncology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Shalimar Bagh, points out that breast cancer accounts for nearly 25% of all cancers in women. Factors such as lifestyle changes, delayed childbirth, lack of breastfeeding, and increased use of hormonal therapies have contributed to the rise in breast cancer cases.

Unfortunately, breast cancer is often diagnosed in later stages in India, leading to higher mortality rates. However, with increasing awareness and advancements in early detection methods like regular mammograms, self-examinations, and improved treatment options, the survival rates are gradually improving.

Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is another common cancer, particularly among men. Smoking and exposure to air pollution, which is rapidly increasing in urban areas, are major risk factors for this type of cancer. Although lung cancer is typically diagnosed at later stages, advancements in treatment methods such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy are improving the survival rates and quality of life for patients.

Oral Cancer

India has one of the highest rates of oral cancer globally, with individuals in their middle ages being most affected. Dr Rajpurohit explains that tobacco consumption, whether through smoking, chewing, or using smokeless tobacco, is the leading cause of oral cancer.

Despite being preventable, oral cancer remains a significant health concern in India. Regular dental check-ups, maintaining oral hygiene, and avoiding tobacco use are crucial steps in preventing this disease. Early detection through routine mouth exams can significantly improve treatment outcomes.

Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in India. The primary cause is the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), which is preventable through vaccination. Unfortunately, many women in India face challenges in accessing the vaccine due to a lack of awareness or limited healthcare infrastructure.

Regular screenings such as Pap smears and HPV tests can help detect the early stages of cervical cancer. Early detection enables timely intervention, improving survival rates and making education on screenings crucial.

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Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer, including cancers of the colon and rectum, is becoming more common, particularly among urban populations. Dr Rajpurohit notes that factors such as poor diet, lack of exercise, and obesity contribute to the rising incidence.

While early-stage colorectal cancer may not exhibit clear symptoms, screenings are essential for people at higher risk, such as those with a family history of the disease. With advancements in endoscopic techniques, colorectal cancer can now be detected early, leading to more effective treatments.

Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men, especially those over the age of 50. Although the incidence of prostate cancer in India remains lower than in Western countries, it is on the rise. Prostate cancer typically progresses slowly and may not cause symptoms in its early stages. However, regular screening for men in their late 40s or 50s can help detect the disease early.

With improved treatment options such as surgery, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy, men diagnosed at earlier stages have a better chance of successful treatment.

Stomach Cancer

Stomach cancer, or gastric cancer, is prevalent in India, particularly among older adults in rural areas. Dr Rajpurohit mentions that dietary factors like a high-salt diet and Helicobacter pylori infection are significant contributors to stomach cancer.

Although symptoms can be vague, early detection can help. The main treatment options are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Prevention through a healthy diet and avoiding risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption can help reduce the incidence of stomach cancer.

Esophageal Cancer

Esophageal cancer is common in both men and women in India, particularly in the southern and northern regions. Dr Rajpurohit links the high prevalence of this cancer to lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol consumption, and poor dietary habits. Unfortunately, the prognosis for esophageal cancer is generally poor due to late-stage diagnosis.

Early detection through endoscopic procedures can improve treatment outcomes. Lifestyle changes, including avoiding tobacco and alcohol, are key in preventing this cancer.

Cancer remains a significant health challenge in India. However, lifestyle modifications such as quitting smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, eating a balanced diet, and increasing physical activity can lower the risk of developing cancer. Early detection through screening programmes like mammograms, Pap smears, and colonoscopies plays a crucial role in improving survival rates.

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