Can Breastfeeding Lower Risk Of Cancer? Health Specialist Guides Through

Dr Kirti said, "Breastfeeding exerts a protective effect against breast cancer through several biological mechanisms. A growing body of research supports the correlation between breastfeeding and a lower risk of breast cancer. A comprehensive study published by The Lancet in 2002 analysed data from 47 epidemiological studies across 30 countries. The findings indicated that for every 12 months of breastfeeding, a woman’s risk of breast cancer decreases by approximately 4.3%."

"Breastfeeding contributes to a measurable decrease in breast cancer risk. Understanding how breastfeeding influences cancer risk can empower women to make informed decisions about their health and the health of their families. The protective mechanisms are multifaceted," she added.

Hormonal Regulation

Breastfeeding suppresses oestrogen production, a hormone linked to the development of certain types of breast cancer. Reduced oestrogen levels during lactation help decrease the risk of abnormal cell growth in breast tissues.

Delayed Ovulation

Breastfeeding often delays the return of regular menstrual cycles. This reduces a woman’s cumulative exposure to oestrogen and progesterone over her lifetime, creating a protective hormonal environment.

Cellular Renewal

The process of lactation promotes cellular turnover in breast tissue. This shedding of cells may help eliminate damaged or precancerous cells, thereby lowering cancer risk.

Postpartum Weight Management

Breastfeeding increases caloric expenditure, facilitating postpartum weight loss. Maintaining a healthy body weight is crucial, as obesity is a well-established risk factor for breast cancer.

Benefit to children

The benefit of breastfeeding extends beyond maternal health; it also has protective effects for children. Breast milk contains antibodies and other bioactive compounds that strengthen the immune system and may lower the risk of childhood cancers, such as leukaemia. A 2018 study by the American Academy of Pediatrics reviewed several studies and concluded that breastfeeding for at least six months may lower the risk of leukaemia in children. Furthermore, breastfed children are less likely to become overweight or obese later in life, which is a significant factor in cancer prevention.

Addressing Practical Challenges

While the health benefits of breastfeeding are well-documented, societal and personal barriers often prevent women from breastfeeding exclusively. Lack of workplace support, inadequate maternity leave policies, and cultural stigmas can make it challenging for women to breastfeed for extended periods. Addressing these obstacles requires a collective effort, including raising awareness, implementing supportive policies, and creating breastfeeding-friendly environments.

For those who can and choose to breastfeed, even a brief duration—as little as a few weeks—can provide some protective effect. Organisations such as the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advocate for exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life and continued breastfeeding alongside solid foods for at least one year. These guidelines emphasise the dual benefits of breastfeeding for maternal and child health.

By significantly lowering the risk of breast cancer, breastfeeding exemplifies how maternal choices can profoundly influence health outcomes. While individual circumstances vary, the science is clear: breastfeeding is a key component in safeguarding maternal health.

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