How Often Should Women Get Cervical Screening? Age-Wise Guidelines Explained by Gynaecologist

Cervical screening remains one of the most effective tools in preventing cervical cancer, yet it is often delayed or ignored due to a lack of awareness or misconceptions. Many women assume that screening is only necessary when symptoms appear, but cervical cancer often develops silently. Regular, age-appropriate screening can detect early cellular changes long before they become serious, allowing timely medical intervention.

According to Dr Shweta Wazir, Senior Consultant, Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Motherhood Hospitals, Gurugram, following the correct screening schedule based on age and risk factors is crucial for long-term reproductive and overall health. She explains that cervical screening primarily looks for abnormal changes in the cervix, most commonly caused by persistent infection with high-risk strains of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV).

Why Cervical Screening is Important for Women

Cervical screening is a preventive health check, not a diagnostic test for cancer. It helps identify precancerous changes early, when treatment is simple and highly effective. With cervical cancer rates still significant in India, routine screening can play a major role in reducing illness and mortality.

Cervical Screening Guidelines for Ages 21–29

Women should begin cervical screening at the age of 21, regardless of sexual activity. In this age group, a Pap smear is recommended once every three years. The test examines cervical cells for abnormalities that may require monitoring or further evaluation. HPV infections are common in younger women and often clear on their own, which is why routine HPV testing is usually not advised at this stage unless clinically indicated.

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Cervical Screening Guidelines for Ages 30–49

From the age of 30, cervical screening becomes even more important. Women can choose between a Pap smear every three years or HPV testing alone every five years, depending on medical advice and availability. Co-testing, which combines both Pap smear and HPV testing, may also be recommended. This approach improves early detection of high-risk HPV strains linked to cervical cancer.

Cervical Screening Guidelines for Ages 50–65

Screening should continue even after menopause. Women in this age group are advised to undergo a Pap smear every three years or HPV testing every five years. The risk of cervical cancer does not disappear with age, making continued vigilance essential.
Do women Need Cervical Screening After 65?

After 65, routine screening may be stopped if previous test results have been consistently normal. However, women with a history of abnormal results or those advised by their gynaecologist should continue follow-up screening.

Dr Wazir emphasises that regular cervical screening, combined with timely medical guidance, can save lives. Women are encouraged to speak openly with their gynaecologist, understand their screening options, and prioritise preventive care rather than waiting for symptoms to appear.

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