Can Fallopian Tube Issues Cause Infertility? Fertility Expert Explains

Fallopian tube problems are a common yet often overlooked cause of infertility. These tubes play a crucial role in the reproductive process, allowing sperm to meet the egg and facilitating the movement of the fertilised egg to the uterus. When issues arise, such as blockages or damage, conception becomes much more difficult.

We spoke to Dr Shikha Malik, Fertility Specialist, Nova IVF Fertility,Kalyan, Mumbai, to help explain the link between fallopian tube problems and infertility, as well as the treatment options available.

How Fallopian Tube Issues Affect Conception

When a woman’s fallopian tubes are compromised, it directly impacts the process of fertilisation. Tubal issues can prevent the egg and sperm from meeting, making it difficult for conception to occur. Even if fertilisation does take place, damaged tubes may prevent the embryo from reaching the uterus, potentially leading to an ectopic pregnancy, which can be dangerous for the mother. Furthermore, conditions like hydrosalpinx, where fluid-filled tubes affect implantation, can also reduce the chances of a successful pregnancy.

Common Fallopian Tube Problems

There are several types of fallopian tube problems that can lead to infertility:

• Blocked Fallopian Tubes: Tubes can become blocked due to infections, previous surgery, or scar tissue, making it impossible for sperm and egg to meet.
• Hydrosalpinx: When one or both tubes fill with fluid, this condition disrupts the movement of eggs and hinders embryo implantation.
• Partially Blocked Tubes: Even mild blockages can reduce fertility, though they may not entirely prevent conception.
• Damaged Tubes: Infections can damage the hair-like structures inside the tubes, known as cilia, which assist in the movement of eggs.
• Pelvic Adhesions: Scar tissue from past surgeries or infections can distort the position of the tubes.

Causes of Fallopian Tube Damage

Various factors can contribute to fallopian tube damage, including:

• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
• Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
• Genital Tuberculosis (common in India)
• Previous Pelvic or Abdominal Surgery
• Endometriosis
• Past Ectopic Pregnancies

Symptoms such as pelvic pain, abnormal discharge, painful periods, or a history of recurrent infections or ectopic pregnancy may indicate tubal issues. It’s crucial to seek medical advice if any of these symptoms are present.

How To Prevent Fallopian Tube Problems

Dr. Malik advises women to take proactive measures to protect their fallopian tube health. These include:

• Promptly treating any pelvic or vaginal infections
• Practising safe sex to avoid STIs
• Avoiding unnecessary pelvic surgeries or procedures
• Keeping up with regular medical check-ups
• Seeking help early if pregnancy is delayed

ALSO READ- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) in Women: Silent Symptoms, Causes, and Risks You Must Know

Treatment Options for Tubal Infertility

Treatment for tubal infertility depends on the severity of the damage. Options may include:

• Medications: To address underlying infections or hormonal imbalances.
• Laparoscopic Surgery: To remove blockages or treat minor damage.
• Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART): In cases of severe damage, IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation) may be recommended. IVF bypasses the fallopian tubes altogether, offering a highly effective solution for women with tubal infertility.

Dr Malik emphasises that, while tubal issues can complicate conception, modern treatments like IVF have allowed many women with fallopian tube problems to achieve successful pregnancies.

With timely intervention and appropriate treatment, women with fallopian tube issues can still achieve their dream of motherhood. If you are struggling with infertility due to tubal problems, it's essential to consult a fertility expert to explore the best course of action for your individual situation.

ALSO READ- Can Pollution Adversely Impact Fertility? Experts Explain

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Image Courtesy: Freepik