Understanding Arthritis: What You Need To Know About Symptoms And Treatments

Arthritis is a common condition characterised by joint inflammation that affects millions of people worldwide. Women, in particular, are at a significantly higher risk of developing arthritis. They are more than twice as likely as men to suffer from the condition, especially osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disease primarily caused by cartilage loss in the joints. We spoke to Dr Ashis Acharya, Senior Consultant Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine unit, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital New-Delhi to understand the symptoms and available treatments is crucial for managing this chronic condition effectively.

Symptoms Of Arthritis

The primary symptoms of arthritis include pain, tenderness, swelling, and redness in the affected joints. Stiffness, particularly in the morning or after sitting still for a while, is also common. These symptoms often begin in smaller joints, such as those in the hands and feet, but can progress to larger joints like the knees, elbows, hips, and shoulders. As arthritis advances, it can severely impact an individual’s ability to perform daily activities and maintain an active lifestyle.

Common Types Of Arthritis

There are several types of arthritis, with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) being the most prevalent.

Osteoarthritis (OA)

This is a degenerative joint disease that primarily results from the breakdown of cartilage, the protective tissue at the ends of bones. OA often impacts joints that bear weight, like the knees, hips, and spine, causing pain and stiffness.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

RA is an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium, the lining of the joints.

Causes And Risk Factors

Arthritis can be caused by various factors, including genetic predisposition, age, joint injuries, and certain autoimmune conditions. Obesity is a significant risk factor, particularly for OA, as excess weight puts additional stress on the joints, leading to faster cartilage wear and tear. Hormonal changes, especially in women, can also influence the onset and progression of arthritis.

Prevention And Management Of Arthritis

Preventing arthritis or managing its symptoms involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medical treatments, and sometimes surgery.

Healthy Weight Management

Maintaining a healthy weight is essential. Exercise helps strengthen the muscles around the joints, reducing strain, while a nutrient-rich diet supports overall joint health.

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Exercise And Physical Activity

Engaging in regular low-impact activities, such as swimming, cycling, and walking, can help keep joints flexible and reduce pain. Strength training exercises are also beneficial for maintaining muscle strength and joint stability.

Dietary Considerations

A balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains, and low-fat dairy can promote joint health.

Treatment Of Arthritis

Arthritis treatment typically involves a combination of medication, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgical intervention.

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Medications And Injections

Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly prescribed to manage arthritis symptoms. Corticosteroid injections may also be recommended to reduce inflammation in more severe cases.

Physical Therapy

This can help improve joint function and mobility through targeted exercises and therapies designed to strengthen the muscles around the joints.

Surgery

In cases where arthritis has led to significant joint damage, surgical options such as joint replacement (e.g., total knee replacement) may be considered to restore function and improve quality of life.

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