Ovarian cancer is a serious condition that affects many women globally. Understanding its causes, especially the role of genetics, is crucial in prevention and early detection. Genetics, particularly in families with a history of ovarian or breast cancer, plays a significant part in determining one’s risk. Dr. Surabhi Siddhartha, Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist at Motherhood Hospital, Kharghar, shares her expert insights on this topic. Keep reading to learn more.
What Is Ovarian Cancer?
Ovarian cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the ovaries grow uncontrollably. These cells can spread to other parts of the body if not detected early. Common symptoms of ovarian cancer include abdominal pain, bloating, menstrual cramps, frequent urination, abnormal bleeding or vaginal discharge, and pain in the pelvic region.
Dr Surabhi Siddhartha explains, "The symptoms of ovarian cancer can often be mistaken for common digestive or menstrual issues, making it harder to detect early." Other signs include back pain, fatigue, unintentional weight loss, and constipation or diarrhoea. Several factors contribute to the development of ovarian cancer, including genetics, age, family history, obesity, smoking, diabetes, and hormonal imbalances like late menopause or endometriosis.
Are Genetics And Ovarian Cancer Linked?
Yes, genetics and ovarian cancer are closely linked. Research shows that inherited gene mutations play a significant role in increasing the risk of ovarian cancer. Specifically, mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with both ovarian and breast cancer.
Dr. Surabhi Siddhartha emphasises, "If women in the family, particularly a mother or sister, have a history of ovarian or breast cancer, the chances of having a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation increase significantly." This means that those who inherit these mutations from their parents are at a much higher risk of developing ovarian cancer compared to others.
Does Genetics Play A Part In Causing Ovarian Cancer?
According to Dr. Surabhi Siddhartha and various studies, genetic predisposition is a pivotal factor in ovarian cancer. Around 3% of ovarian cancers are attributed to inherited genetic mutations, particularly those in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.
"It's important to understand that while genetics play a role, not all cases of ovarian cancer are due to inherited factors. However, for those with a family history of cancer, genetic counselling and regular screenings become critical," advises Dr Surabhi.
Additionally, women with a family history of ovarian cancer should consider genetic testing. Identifying these mutations early allows for more proactive management, including increased screenings and possibly preventive surgeries to reduce the risk.
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How Can One Take Preventative Measures Against Ovarian Cancer?
Although genetics can’t be changed, several lifestyle changes can help reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. Maintaining a nutritious diet, managing weight, and leading a healthy lifestyle are essential steps in reducing the likelihood of developing cancer.
Dr. Surabhi suggests, "Quit smoking, maintain an optimum body weight, and breastfeed your baby if possible, as these actions can help lower the risk of ovarian cancer." Breastfeeding has been linked to reduced risk due to hormonal changes that occur during this period.
Moreover, regular check-ups and early screenings are essential for women at high risk. Dr. Surabhi also points out, "Ovarian cancer requires timely intervention for successful outcomes. Early detection improves survival rates significantly."In addition to lifestyle changes, medical options such as birth control pills have been shown to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer when used for extended periods. However, these options should be discussed with a healthcare provider, considering individual risk factors.
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