World Contraception Day 2024: What Are The Types Of Contraception Available Beyond Condoms

World Contraception Day 2024: Origin

Contraception, or birth control, refers to methods used to prevent pregnancy. It can include devices, medications, or procedures that help individuals plan their families and avoid unintended pregnancies. World Contraception Day, initiated in 2007, was created to promote comprehensive awareness about contraceptive options globally, encouraging informed choices for better reproductive health and planning.

5 Types of Contraception Available Beyond Condoms

Here are five types of contraception available beyond condoms, as per Dr. Anuja Thomas:

1. Contraceptive Pills

One of the most commonly used forms of contraception, pills are a convenient option for many women. “These include combined pills and progestogen-only pills, which should be taken after a doctor’s recommendation,” says Dr. Thomas. Taken at the same time each day, these pills work by preventing ovulation. It’s important not to miss doses, as this could reduce effectiveness. Emergency contraception, a special type of pill, can also be used within 48 hours of unprotected intercourse.

2. Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)

IUDs are small devices placed inside the uterus that provide long-term contraception. “They can be hormonal or non-hormonal (copper), with effectiveness lasting anywhere from 3 to 10 years,” explains Dr. Thomas. While IUDs offer excellent protection against pregnancy, they don’t guard against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Hormonal IUDs not only prevent pregnancy but can also help manage conditions like abnormal bleeding, endometriosis, and adenomyosis. As a long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC), they are a suitable option for women looking for low-maintenance birth control.

3. Contraceptive Patch

The contraceptive patch is applied to the skin and works by releasing synthetic oestrogen and progesterone hormones, preventing pregnancy by stopping ovulation. “This patch offers an easy, non-invasive option, but it’s essential to change it regularly, following a healthcare provider’s advice,” notes Dr. Thomas. Unlike pills, patches only need to be applied once a week, making them a simpler option for those who may forget daily medications.

4. Vaginal Ring

The vaginal ring is another hormonal contraceptive device, inserted into the vagina, where it releases oestrogen and progesterone to prevent pregnancy. Dr. Thomas highlights that "the ring is a comfortable option for many women, and once removed, fertility is quickly restored." The ring remains in place for three weeks, after which it is removed for a week during menstruation.

5. Implants

Contraceptive implants are small rods placed under the skin of the upper arm, providing long-term protection against pregnancy for up to 3 years. “The implant is a good choice for women looking for low-maintenance contraception,” adds Dr. Thomas. Since the implant is inserted and removed by a healthcare professional, it reduces the need for daily or weekly attention.

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Permanent Contraceptive Methods

For individuals or couples seeking a permanent solution to family planning, tubal ligation and vasectomy are viable options. “Tubal ligation involves cutting or sealing a woman’s fallopian tubes, while vasectomy is a procedure for men where sperm is prevented from leaving the body,” says Dr. Thomas. Both methods are highly effective and considered irreversible, although they do not protect against STIs.

Dr. Anuja Thomas advises that choosing contraception should always be a personal decision made in consultation with a healthcare professional. “Each contraceptive method has its benefits and potential side effects, so it’s crucial to choose the one that aligns with your health, lifestyle, and reproductive goals,” she emphasizes. Moreover, it is vital to remember that many methods, such as IUDs or implants, do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so using additional protective measures, like condoms, may still be necessary.

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