World AIDS Day 2024: What Happens When An HIV+ Woman Becomes Pregnant? Gynaecologist Weighs In

World AIDS Day 2024: Pregnancy And AIDS

HIV is a virus that weakens the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight infections. Its symptoms range from fever and sore throats to muscle and joint pain. For pregnant women with HIV, managing their health becomes even more critical, as the virus can impact the pregnancy and the newborn.

According to the India HIV Estimations 2023 report, over 2.5 million people live with HIV in India, with adult HIV prevalence at 0.2%. While medical advancements have significantly reduced annual new infections to around 66,400, challenges remain for women navigating pregnancy with HIV. Dr. Rai emphasises, “An HIV-positive woman can still dream of having a healthy baby with timely intervention, advanced treatments, and proper care.”

What Happens When An HIV+ Woman Becomes Pregnant?

When an HIV-positive woman becomes pregnant, there is a risk of the virus being transmitted to the foetus during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. However, the good news is that with proper medical care and antiretroviral therapy (ART), this risk can be significantly reduced.

Dr Rai explains, “Effective antiretroviral treatment (ART) is crucial for preventing HIV transmission from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding. Testing for HIV early helps manage the condition better and ensures a safer pregnancy.”

Pregnant women with HIV are also more likely to deliver prematurely. This increases the chances of complications, including low birth weight and developmental delays in the baby. Dr. Rai highlights, “Prompt expert advice and medical care can ensure a smoother journey for both mother and child.”

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How Is The Foetus Impacted?

HIV can cross the placenta and directly infect the fetus, leading to paediatric HIV. This condition requires lifelong medical attention and therapies for the child. Babies born to HIV-positive mothers may face:

• Low Birth Weight: This can affect growth and development.
• Developmental Delays: HIV can impact the child’s neurological development.
• Weakened Immune System: Infected babies are more vulnerable to illnesses and infections.

Dr Rai warns, “If the baby becomes infected, they may face lifelong health challenges. This is why timely intervention is so critical.”

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Despite these risks, advancements in HIV treatment allow many HIV-positive women to deliver healthy babies. Preventive treatment for the newborn combined with ART for the mother significantly reduces the likelihood of the virus being passed on.

How To Take Care Of The Newborn In This Situation?

Babies born to HIV-positive mothers require immediate and ongoing care. Dr. Rai advises, “Newborns should receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) as soon as possible after birth. Regular check-ups and HIV testing are essential to monitor their health.”

Breastfeeding poses another risk of transmission, but alternatives like formula feeding can help minimise this. Dr. Rai notes, “Mothers must consult their healthcare providers to understand safe feeding practices.”

The mother’s health is equally important. Consistent ART, regular health monitoring, and mental health support ensure the mother can care for her baby while managing her condition effectively.

Pregnancy with HIV is a complex yet manageable journey with the right medical care and support. World AIDS Day 2024 is a reminder that advancements in HIV treatment can help HIV-positive women achieve their dream of motherhood. As Dr. Rai says, “No woman should suffer in silence. With the right steps, we can ensure the health and happiness of both mother and child.”

Image Credits: Freepik

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