5 Things Every Woman Should Know About Cervical Cancer Before Planning A Baby

Notably, the incidence of cervical cancer during pregnancy has risen in recent years, possibly due to individuals choosing to have children later in life, as the likelihood of developing cervical cancer increases with age.

According to the American Cancer Society, cervical cancer is most frequently diagnosed in individuals aged 35–44, with the average age of diagnosis being 50. To provide deeper insights into this topic, we consulted Dr Jyoti Ranjan Swain, Consultant in Surgical Oncology at HCG Panda Cancer Hospital, Cuttack, who shared expert advice on cervical cancer prevention before pregnancy.

What Is Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer originates in the cells of the cervix, the lower section of the uterus that links to the vagina. The primary culprit behind cervical cancer is a persistent infection with high-risk types of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a widespread sexually transmitted disease.

Dr Swain said, “Although the immune system typically clears most HPV infections, some cases may result in abnormal changes to cervical cells, which can progress to cancer over time.”

Fortunately, cervical cancer is highly preventable with the adoption of appropriate preventive measures.

Don't Miss:Prefer Natural Delivery Over C-Sec? 7 Steps To Prepare For The Same, As Suggested By Gynaecologist

Preventive Steps To Take Before Pregnancy

Cervical cancer is both highly preventable and treatable when detected early. Dr Swain shared key recommendations for women planning a pregnancy to safeguard their health and reduce cervical cancer risk.

1. Regular Screening: Pap Smears and HPV Testing

Routine cervical cancer screening is crucial in prevention. Pap smears detect abnormal cervical cells, while HPV testing identifies the virus responsible for changes that could lead to cancer.

When to Start Screening:

According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), cervical cancer screening should begin at age 21, with Pap smears every three years. From age 30, a combination of Pap smear and HPV testing every five years is recommended.

Dr Swain says, “Early detection through regular screenings can prevent the development of cervical cancer. Women planning a pregnancy should ensure they undergo screening before conception for a healthy cervix.”

2. HPV Vaccination

The HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing infection by high-risk HPV strains that cause most cervical cancer cases. Dr Swain suggests if you haven’t received the vaccine, consult your doctor. While the vaccine is most effective when administered before exposure, women up to age 45 who haven’t been exposed to the covered strains can still benefit.

3. Safe Sexual Practices

As HPV is transmitted through sexual contact, practising safe sex can reduce infection risk.

Tips:

While condoms don’t completely prevent HPV transmission, they can lower the risk. Open communication with your partner about safe sexual practices is essential, especially when planning a pregnancy.

4. Healthy Lifestyle Choices

Adopting healthy habits boosts immunity and reduces cancer risk. Dr Swain suggests to:

Quit Smoking:

Smoking weakens the immune system and increases the risk of cervical cancer. Quitting before pregnancy improves both cervical health and fertility.

Don't Miss:Why Should You Have Sex Regularly: Gynaecologist Shares 5 Health Benefits

Balanced Diet and Exercise:

A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains with regular physical activity strengthens immunity and lowers cancer risk.

Manage Stress and Health Conditions:

Chronic stress and conditions like HIV can compromise immunity. Managing these factors is vital for overall health and cervical cancer prevention.

5. Consult an Expert

A preconception consultation with a gynaecologist can help assess cervical cancer risk.

What to Expect:

• Review of medical and sexual history
• Assessment of past Pap smear or HPV test results
• Guidance on HPV vaccination
• Recommendations for lifestyle changes, including smoking cessation

If you have a family history of cervical cancer or previous HPV infections, your doctor may suggest more frequent screenings or additional tests for early detection.

Cervical cancer is highly preventable, and adopting preventive measures before pregnancy can safeguard both your health and fertility. Routine screenings, HPV vaccination, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and practising safe sex are essential steps in reducing the risk of cervical cancer.

Be sure to consult your healthcare provider for advice on protecting yourself from cervical cancer and ensuring a healthy start to your pregnancy journey.

Keep reading Herzindagi for more such stories.

Credits: Freepik