Normally, speech should somewhat develop fully in a child by the time they turn 4 or 5 years. However, not all kids grow up to be good orators and may have issues with how they talk. For parents, it can be a worrisome situation but Dr. Kushal Agrawal, HOD, Department of Neonatology and Paediatrics, KVR Hospital, Kashipur, says speech challenges, such as stuttering, are common in young children and are often part of their developmental journey. He lists out steps to address these concerns effectively.
How to Recognize Speech Problems in a Child
According to Dr. Agrawal, speech development between 2 and 5 years "is complex and rapid." He adds many kids within that age bracket have "developmental disfluency," where they might say words or sounds without a break or stop while talking.
"This is normal and often resolves on its own by age 5. However, if symptoms persist beyond six months or worsen, it may indicate stuttering—a speech fluency disorder," the doctor points out.
3 signs of stuttering include:
1) Repetitions
Repeating sounds, words, or phrases (e.g., “I-I-I want that”).
2) Prolongations
Dragging out sounds (e.g., “Mmmmmommy”).
3) Pauses
Noticeable breaks in speech, often at the beginning of sentences.
Causes of Speech Problems in A Child, When to Seek Help
"Stuttering can affect a child’s confidence, especially if they become aware of the issue. The exact causes are unclear, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and neurological factors," Dr. Agrawal highlights.
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He points out that boys are more likely to stutter or stammer than girls and that family history plays a key role in determining if a child will be at a higher risk of getting the speech issue. "Importantly, stuttering is not caused by parenting or external factors. Early intervention, particularly in preschool-aged children, is highly effective," the doctor adds.
You should consult a professional if:
- Your child’s stuttering persists beyond four weeks.
- They display fear or avoidance of speaking.
- There’s a noticeable impact on their mood or school performance.
- Stuttering is accompanied by other developmental or behavioral concerns.
5 Ways You Can Support A Child With Speech Problems
Parents play a crucial role in supporting a child with speech difficulties. They can follow the five tips given below:
1) Be Patient
Allow your child to speak without interruptions. Avoid finishing their sentences.
2) Create a Calm Environment
Speak slowly and encourage relaxed conversations.
3) Reinforce Positivity
Praise their efforts and focus on their strengths.
4) Engage in Activities
Reading aloud, singing, and practicing breathing techniques together can boost confidence.
5) Educate Family and Friends
Encourage a supportive and bullying-free environment.
As for treatment, speech therapy is usually the only option here, says the doctor. The specialist will use techniques such as breathing exercises, relaxation methods, and confidence-building activities. "While medications are rarely necessary, they may be considered in severe cases. Always consult a pediatrician or speech therapist for tailored advice," informs Dr. Agrawal.
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